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Evidence that PUBO outperforms QUBO when solving continuous optimization problems with the QAOA

Evidence that PUBO outperforms QUBO when solving continuous optimization problems with the QAOA

Jonas Stein, Farbod Chamanian, Maximilian Zorn, Jonas Nüßlein, Sebastian Zielinski, Michael Kölle, Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Abstract

 

Quantum computing provides powerful algorithmic tools that have been shown to outperform established classical solvers in specific optimization tasks. A core step in solving optimization problems with known quantum algorithms such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is the problem formulation. While quantum optimization has historically centered around Quadratic Unconstrained Optimization (QUBO) problems, recent studies show, that many combinatorial problems such as the TSP can be solved more efficiently in their native Polynomial Unconstrained Optimization (PUBO) forms. As many optimization problems in practice also contain continuous variables, our contribution investigates the performance of the QAOA in solving continuous optimization problems when using PUBO and QUBO formulations. Our extensive evaluation on suitable benchmark functions, shows that PUBO formulations generally yield better results, while requiring less qubits. As the multi-qubit interactions needed for the PUBO variant have to be decomposed using the hardware gates available, i.e., currently single- and two-qubit gates, the circuit depth of the PUBO approach outscales its QUBO alternative roughly linearly in the order of the objective function. However, incorporating the planned addition of native multi-qubit gates such as the global Mølmer-Sørenson gate, our experiments indicate that PUBO outperforms QUBO for higher order continuous optimization problems in general.
 
GECCO ’23 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Pages 2254 – 2262
https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3596358


QAR-Lab – Quantum Applications and Research Laboratory
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Oettingenstraße 67
80538 Munich
Phone: +49 89 2180-9153
E-mail: qar-lab@mobile.ifi.lmu.de

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